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Most new bikes come with everything you need or want. First, decide the type of motorcycle you want. Generally, all motorcycles fall into one of the following categories: Touring, Cruiser, Chopper, Sport Bike, Naked/Street, Dual Sport, Off-road and Scooters. Each type of motorcycle has many unique features. Following is a very brief discussion of just some of the unique features of each.
Touring motorcycles are characterized by wind protection for the rider (in the form of a fairing or windscreen), high capacity fuel tanks (for extended riding distances), and the ability to carry some amount of luggage (usually in the form of panniers and/or a trunk mounted towards the rear of the motorcycle), and a comfortable riding position. Any motorcycle can be so equipped and used for touring, however, touring motorcycles tend to be heavier (600 to 800 lbs.) and less maneuverable.
Cruisers may have limited performance and turning ability because of a low slung design. Riders who enjoy cornering at higher speeds may need to modify a Cruiser to enhance lean angle, or start with a performance or sport-cruiser. Cruisers (weighing in at 600 to 750 lbs.) are often custom projects that result in a bike modified to suit the owner's ideals, and as such are a source of pride and accomplishment.
Sport bikes, sometimes called performance bikes, are typically much smaller and lighter (400 to 500 lbs.) than cruisers, and are essentially consumer versions of the motorcycles used in motorcycle racing.
Naked or street bikes, weighing in at between 400 and 500 lbs., are the basic form of the motorcycle constructed of the fundamental parts. The emphasis is on functionality, performance and ergonomics rather than flashy body panels. Large cylinder capacity versions of the "naked" type of motorcycle are often referred to as "Muscle" bikes. Their main characteristics are vast amounts of torque and power.
A motor scooter is a motorcycle with a step-through frame in which the rider sits without straddling any part of the engine. Most modern motor scooters have continuously variable transmissions and have wheels smaller in diameter, between 8 and 14 inches than other motorcycles. Scooters, weighing in at 200 to 500 lbs., are similar to motorcycles and are also designed for being ridden on the road.
Off-road bikes share many of the following design features: light weight, small engine, long suspension travel and high ground clearance, simple, rugged construction with little bodywork and and no fairing, large wheels with knobby tires, often clamped to the rim with rim-locks and lack of street-equipment; i.e., turn signals. These bikes are designed to be ridden through rough and muddy terrain. These bikes are commonly referred to as dirt bikes, and many people ride them simply for fun and recreation. They can also be optimized for various competitive sports: motocross, enduros, and time or speed trials.
Dual-Sport and Adventure-Touring are "on-off road" bikes which are street legal variants of dirt bikes with more suspension travel than a standard bike. but having all the other equipment usually found on a road bike.
Most manufacturers offer a variety of models that fall into these categories or types. All weights are approximates. Once you have chosen the motorcycle for the right price, the right purpose and that is right for you, you can then purchase "fancy parts/accessories" to replace "stock parts/accessories." Motorcyclists replace stock parts or add parts to personalize there motorcycle, make it look "better" and to improve performance; i.e., go faster, turn quicker and stop quicker. This is what drives up the price!